石油设备网讯 据路透社新加坡、上海报道，美国液化天然气（LNG）生产商正在吸引买家，他们提出以美国国内价格以外的其他基准价格出售天然气，预计今年全球市场的供应将会大量增加。
由于页岩油田产量激增，美国是世界上增长最快的天然气出口国，今年它将成为世界第三大液化天然气出口国，并与卡塔尔和澳大利亚等更多老牌供应商开展竞争。
美国生产商在2016年初才开始出口液化天然气，通常是按照美国国内基准（如Henry Hub）对其销售进行定价。
在上周于上海召开的2019国际LNG会议期间，高管们表示，为了突出这一优势，至少有两家美国新终端的开发商签署了使用替代定价的有约束力和无约束力的协议。
上周三，泰利安公司和法国石油天然气巨头道达尔协签署了一项协议，其中包括两家公司签订了一项具有约束力的协议，从泰利安营销公司拟议的Driftwood终端额外每年购买150万吨液化天然气。
这一价格是以普氏日本/韩国指数（JKM）为基础，尽管主要用于现货货物，但也表明了JKM是一个快速发展的亚洲现货货物基准，目前亚洲大多数液化天然气合同的价格仍然来自布伦特原油。
泰利安和大宗商品交易商维多集团还签署了一份谅解备忘录，以JKM价格长期供应液化天然气。
道达尔首席执行官派翠克·普尼安（Patrick Pouyanne）表示：“我相信液化天然气正在向天然气指数发展。”
他补充道：“与石油挂钩的天然气是一个相对老的市场，过去两年中我们看到，与JKM挂钩的天然气市场正在增长。”
泰利安公司首席执行官梅格·温特（Meg Gentle）表示，银行也越来越支持与JKM挂钩的液化天然气货物销售定价。
美国液化天然气开发公司NextDecade也在4月2日表示，该公司与荷兰皇家壳牌公司签署了一项为期20年的有约束力的销售和采购协议（SPA），以提供每年200万吨的液化天然气，这些液化天然气来自于NextDecade位于德克萨斯州布朗斯维尔的Rio Grande液化天然气出口项目，该公司称，这是美国第一份与布伦特石油价格挂钩的长期合同。
该公司表示，四分之三的液化天然气将与布伦特原油价格挂钩，其余的交易量将与包括亨利中心（Henry Hub）在内的美国国内天然气价格指标挂钩。
NextDecade还将向潜在买家提供以其他美国天然气指数（如Agua Dulce、Waha和Henry Hub）定价的液化天然气。
瑞士信贷（Credit Suisse）分析师索尔·卡沃尼奇（Saul Kavonic）说：“与最近美国天然气价格低迷相比，美国天然气生产商可能更愿意接受与石油挂钩的液化天然气净回值价格。”
詹晓晶摘自路透社
原文如下：
U.S. LNG producers offer alternative pricing to woo buyers
U.S. producers of liquefied natural gas (LNG) are wooing buyers with offers to sell gas priced against benchmarks other than U.S. domestic prices, ahead of an expected flood of supplies on global markets this year.
The United States, the world’s fastest growing gas exporter thanks to surging output from shale fields, is set to become the world’s third-largest LNG exporter this year, taking on more established suppliers such as Qatar and Australia.
U.S. producers only began exporting LNG in early 2016 and typically price their sales against U.S. domestic benchmarks such as Henry Hub.
To stand out, at least two developers of new U.S. terminals have signed binding and non-binding deals using alternative pricing, executives said on the sidelines of the LNG2019 conference in Shanghai this week.
On Wednesday, Tellurian Inc and French oil and gas major Total SA signed a deal that includes both companies entering into a binding agreement for 1.5 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) of LNG from Tellurian, which is developing the Driftwood LNG project in Louisiana.
The price was based on Platts Japan Korea Marker (JKM), which is a fast-developing Asian benchmark for LNG though mainly for spot cargoes. Most LNG contracts in Asia are still priced off Brent crude.
Tellurian and commodities trader Vitol have also signed a memorandum of understanding for long-term LNG supply priced off JKM.
“I believe LNG is moving (toward) a gas index,” said Total’s chief executive Patrick Pouyanne.
“Gas linked to oil is old world and we have seen in the past two years the JKM-linked market is growing,” he added.
Banks are also getting more supportive of JKM-linked pricing for the sale of LNG cargoes, said Tellurian’s chief executive Meg Gentle.
NextDecade Corp, which is developing the Rio Grande LNG export project in Brownsville, Texas, said on Tuesday it has signed a 20-year binding sales and purchase agreement (SPA) with Royal Dutch Shell for two million tonnes a year of LNG, which it said was first U.S. long-term contract indexed to Brent.
Three quarters of the LNG will be indexed to Brent crude oil prices and the remaining volumes will be indexed to domestic U.S. gas price markers, including Henry Hub, the company said.
NextDecade is also offering its potential buyers LNG priced on other U.S. gas indexes such as Agua Dulce and Waha.
“U.S. gas producers may be willing to take exposure to oil linked LNG netback pricing compared with the depressed U.S. gas prices seen lately,” said Saul Kavonic, a Credit Suisse analyst.
