石油设备网讯 据离岸工程5月8日消息称该，美美国能源情报署(EIA)表示，2018年美国能源消费、生产和出口均创下历史新高。
2018年，美国生产了创纪录的各种能源，达到96千万亿英国热量单位(quads)，比2017年增长8%。产量的增长超过了美国能源消耗4%的增长，后者也达到了创纪录的101quads。
与此同时，美国能源出口在2018年增加了18％，达到创纪录的21 quads，将进入美国的净能源进口量降至54个低点，即4 quads，不到美国能源消费的4%。
2018年，原油和天然气占美国能源总产量的57%，原油产量同比增长17%，天然气产量同比增长12%。液化天然气产量也增长了14%。
可再生能源产量较2017年增长4%，主要得益于太阳能(22%)、风能(8%)和生物质能(2%)的增长。2018年核电产量基本保持不变。煤炭是2018年唯一下降的能源生产来源，较2017年下降2%。
美国能源消费总量也较2017年有所增长，但增速低于生产增速。与其他燃料相比，2018年石油产量增长与消费增长的差距最大。
原油产量增长17%，超过国内石油消费总量2%的小幅增长，2018年原油出口同比增长73%，成品油出口同比增长6%。
2018年，原油和石油产品出口占美国能源出口的68%，占2017年以来美国能源出口增长的大部分。石油产品出口达到创纪录的10.2 quads，或560万桶/天。
原油出口几乎翻了一番，达到创纪录的4.2 quads(每天200万桶)，超过煤炭和天然气的能源当量，成为美国能源出口第二高的能源。2018年天然气和生物质能(如乙醇)出口也创下新高，煤炭出口达到2013年以来的最高水平。
2018年，美国能源进口较2017年下降2%，加上创纪录的能源出口，使美国能源净进口总额降至1964年以来的最低水平。2018年，美国是煤炭、焦炭、石油产品、天然气和生物质能的净出口国。
自1944年以来，美国一直是原油的净进口国。然而，2018年，原油净进口达到1991年以来的最低水平。
曹海斌 摘译自 离岸工程
原文如下：
U.S. Energy Hits Records in 2018: EIA
U.S. energy consumption, production, and exports have reached record highs in 2018, said U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).
The United States produced a record amount of energy from various sources in 2018, reaching 96 quadrillion British thermal units (quads), an 8% increase from 2017. This increase in production outpaced the 4% increase in U.S. energy consumption, which also reached a record high of 101 quads.
At the same time, U.S. energy exports increased 18% to a record high of 21 quads in 2018, reducing net energy imports into the United States to a 54-year low of 4 quads, or less than 4% of U.S. energy consumption.
In 2018, crude oil and natural gas accounted for 57% of all U.S. energy production, with crude oil production seeing an increase of 17% and natural gas an increase of 12% from 2017. Natural gas plant liquids production also increased by 14%.
Energy production from renewable energy increased 4% from 2017, mostly because of growth in solar (22%), wind (8%), and biomass energy (2%). Nuclear electric power production remained virtually unchanged in 2018. Coal was the only energy production source to decrease in 2018, falling 2% from 2017 levels.
Total U.S. consumption of energy also increased from 2017 levels but at a slower pace than production. Compared with other fuels, petroleum had the largest gap between growth in production and growth in consumption in 2018.
The 17% increase in crude oil production outpaced a modest 2% increase in total domestic petroleum consumption, resulting in a 73% increase in exports of crude oil and a 6% increase in exports of petroleum products in 2018 compared with 2017.
Exports of crude oil and petroleum products made up 68% of all U.S. energy exports in 2018, accounting for most of the increase in total U.S. energy exports from 2017. Petroleum product exports reached a record-high 10.2 quads, or 5.6 million barrels per day.
Crude oil exports nearly doubled and reached a record-high 4.2 quads (2 million barrels per day), surpassing both coal and natural gas on an energy equivalent basis to become the second-highest U.S. energy export. Exports of natural gas and biomass energy (e.g., ethanol) also reached new records in 2018, and coal exports reached its highest level since 2013.
In 2018, U.S. energy imports decreased 2% compared with 2017, which, along with record-high energy exports, brought combined net U.S. energy imports to their lowest levels since 1964. In 2018, the United States was a net exporter of coal, coal coke, petroleum products, natural gas, and biomass energy.
The United States remained a net importer of crude oil, which has been true for every year since 1944. However, in 2018, net imports of crude oil reached its lowest level since 1991.
