石油设备网讯 据路透社2022年12月19日报道，在过去几年里，美国已经成为全球原油出口大国，但自二战以来，美国的原油出口一直没有超过进口。这种情况明年可能会改变。
目前，美国向其他国家出口的原油数量已达到创纪录的340万桶/天，汽油和柴油等成品油的出口量约为300万桶/天。美国也是全球主要的液化天然气(LNG)出口国，预计未来几年LNG出口量将大幅增长。
但美国国内每天消耗2000万桶原油，是世界上原油消耗最多的国家，其原油日产量从未超过1300万桶。直到最近，认为美国不会成为原油进口大国的想法是愚蠢的。
美国政府11月公布的数据显示，美国原油净进口量降至每天110万桶，为2001年有记录以来的最低水平。这比5年前大幅下降，当时美国每天进口700多万桶原油。
今年改变这一平衡的因素包括爆发地缘政治冲突后美国和西方的制裁，以及华盛顿从紧急石油储备中大量释放原油以应对飙升的汽油价格。
能源研究机构Vortexa的市场分析师Rohit Rathod表示：“地缘政治冲突刺激了对美国能源的新需求，如果页岩产量加速，明年晚些时候应该会推动美国原油出口超过进口。”
要成为原油净出口国，美国要么提高产量，要么减少国内消费。预计明年美国石油需求将增长0.7%，至2051万桶/天，这意味着原油产量将不得不增加。
李峻 编译自 路透社
原文如下：
US Poised to Become Net Exporter of Crude Oil in 2023
The United States has become a global crude oil exporting power over the last few years, but exports have not exceeded its imports since World War II. That could change next year.
Sales of U.S. crude to other nations are now a record 3.4 million barrels per day (bbl/d), with exports of about 3 million bbl/d of refined products like gasoline and diesel fuel. The United States is also the leading liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporter, where growth is expected to soar in coming years.
But the United States consumes 20 million barrels of crude a day, the most in the world, and its output has never exceeded 13 million bbl/d. Until recently, the idea that it would be anything but a big crude importer was folly.
Last month, U.S. government data showed net U.S. crude oil imports fell to 1.1 million barrels per day (bbl/d), the lowest since record keeping began in 2001. That is down sharply from five years ago, when the United States imported more than 7 million barrels per day.
Factors changing that equation this year include sanctions hurting exports of oil and natural gas following the war, and Washington's massive release of oil from emergency reserves to combat spiking gasoline prices.
"The war has spurred new demand for U.S. energy and should push oil exports above imports late next year assuming shale output accelerates," said Rohit Rathod, market analyst at energy researcher Vortexa.
To become a net exporter of crude, the United States needs either to boost production or curtail consumption. U.S. petroleum demand is expected to rise 0.7% to 20.51 million bbl/d next year, so that means production would have to rise.
